/*
 * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.orm.jpa;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
import javax.persistence.RollbackException;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.ConnectionHandle;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.ConnectionHolder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.JdbcTransactionObjectSupport;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy;
import org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException;
import org.springframework.transaction.IllegalTransactionStateException;
import org.springframework.transaction.NestedTransactionNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.transaction.SavepointManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionException;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionSystemException;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DelegatingTransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.ResourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;

/**
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager} implementation
 * for a single JPA {@link javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory}. Binds a JPA
 * EntityManager from the specified factory to the thread, potentially allowing for
 * one thread-bound EntityManager per factory. {@link SharedEntityManagerCreator} and
 * {@code @PersistenceContext} are aware of thread-bound entity managers and participate
 * in such transactions automatically. Using either is required for JPA access code
 * supporting this transaction management mechanism.
 *
 * <p>This transaction manager is appropriate for applications that use a single
 * JPA EntityManagerFactory for transactional data access. JTA (usually through
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager}) is necessary
 * for accessing multiple transactional resources within the same transaction.
 * Note that you need to configure your JPA provider accordingly in order to make
 * it participate in JTA transactions.
 *
 * <p>This transaction manager also supports direct DataSource access within a
 * transaction (i.e. plain JDBC code working with the same DataSource).
 * This allows for mixing services which access JPA and services which use plain
 * JDBC (without being aware of JPA)! Application code needs to stick to the
 * same simple Connection lookup pattern as with
 * {@link org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager}
 * (i.e. {@link org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils#getConnection}
 * or going through a
 * {@link org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy}).
 * Note that this requires a vendor-specific {@link JpaDialect} to be configured.
 *
 * <p>Note: To be able to register a DataSource's Connection for plain JDBC code,
 * this instance needs to be aware of the DataSource ({@link #setDataSource}).
 * The given DataSource should obviously match the one used by the given
 * EntityManagerFactory. This transaction manager will autodetect the DataSource
 * used as the connection factory of the EntityManagerFactory, so you usually
 * don't need to explicitly specify the "dataSource" property.
 *
 * <p>This transaction manager supports nested transactions via JDBC 3.0 Savepoints.
 * The {@link #setNestedTransactionAllowed "nestedTransactionAllowed"} flag defaults
 * to {@code false} though, since nested transactions will just apply to the JDBC
 * Connection, not to the JPA EntityManager and its cached entity objects and related
 * context. You can manually set the flag to {@code true} if you want to use nested
 * transactions for JDBC access code which participates in JPA transactions (provided
 * that your JDBC driver supports Savepoints). <i>Note that JPA itself does not support
 * nested transactions! Hence, do not expect JPA access code to semantically
 * participate in a nested transaction.</i>
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 2.0
 * @see #setEntityManagerFactory
 * @see #setDataSource
 * @see LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean
 * @see org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.SharedEntityManagerBean
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils#getConnection
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils#releaseConnection
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
 * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class JpaTransactionManager extends AbstractPlatformTransactionManager
                implements ResourceTransactionManager, BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {

        private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

        private String persistenceUnitName;

        private final Map<String, Object> jpaPropertyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();

        private DataSource dataSource;

        private JpaDialect jpaDialect = new DefaultJpaDialect();


        /**
         * Create a new JpaTransactionManager instance.
         * <p>An EntityManagerFactory has to be set to be able to use it.
         * @see #setEntityManagerFactory
         */
        public JpaTransactionManager() {
                setNestedTransactionAllowed(true);
        }

        /**
         * Create a new JpaTransactionManager instance.
         * @param emf the EntityManagerFactory to manage transactions for
         */
        public JpaTransactionManager(EntityManagerFactory emf) {
                this();
                this.entityManagerFactory = emf;
                afterPropertiesSet();
        }


        /**
         * Set the EntityManagerFactory that this instance should manage transactions for.
         * <p>Alternatively, specify the persistence unit name of the target EntityManagerFactory.
         * By default, a default EntityManagerFactory will be retrieved by finding a
         * single unique bean of type EntityManagerFactory in the containing BeanFactory.
         * @see #setPersistenceUnitName
         */
        public void setEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactory emf) {
                this.entityManagerFactory = emf;
        }

        /**
         * Return the EntityManagerFactory that this instance should manage transactions for.
         */
        public EntityManagerFactory getEntityManagerFactory() {
                return this.entityManagerFactory;
        }

        /**
         * Set the name of the persistence unit to manage transactions for.
         * <p>This is an alternative to specifying the EntityManagerFactory by direct reference,
         * resolving it by its persistence unit name instead. If no EntityManagerFactory and
         * no persistence unit name have been specified, a default EntityManagerFactory will
         * be retrieved by finding a single unique bean of type EntityManagerFactory.
         * @see #setEntityManagerFactory
         */
        public void setPersistenceUnitName(String persistenceUnitName) {
                this.persistenceUnitName = persistenceUnitName;
        }

        /**
         * Return the name of the persistence unit to manage transactions for, if any.
         */
        public String getPersistenceUnitName() {
                return this.persistenceUnitName;
        }

        /**
         * Specify JPA properties, to be passed into
         * {@code EntityManagerFactory.createEntityManager(Map)} (if any).
         * <p>Can be populated with a String "value" (parsed via PropertiesEditor)
         * or a "props" element in XML bean definitions.
         * @see javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory#createEntityManager(java.util.Map)
         */
        public void setJpaProperties(Properties jpaProperties) {
                CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(jpaProperties, this.jpaPropertyMap);
        }

        /**
         * Specify JPA properties as a Map, to be passed into
         * {@code EntityManagerFactory.createEntityManager(Map)} (if any).
         * <p>Can be populated with a "map" or "props" element in XML bean definitions.
         * @see javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory#createEntityManager(java.util.Map)
         */
        public void setJpaPropertyMap(Map<String, ?> jpaProperties) {
                if (jpaProperties != null) {
                        this.jpaPropertyMap.putAll(jpaProperties);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Allow Map access to the JPA properties to be passed to the persistence
         * provider, with the option to add or override specific entries.
         * <p>Useful for specifying entries directly, for example via "jpaPropertyMap[myKey]".
         */
        public Map<String, Object> getJpaPropertyMap() {
                return this.jpaPropertyMap;
        }

        /**
         * Set the JDBC DataSource that this instance should manage transactions for.
         * The DataSource should match the one used by the JPA EntityManagerFactory:
         * for example, you could specify the same JNDI DataSource for both.
         * <p>If the EntityManagerFactory uses a known DataSource as its connection factory,
         * the DataSource will be autodetected: You can still explicitly specify the
         * DataSource, but you don't need to in this case.
         * <p>A transactional JDBC Connection for this DataSource will be provided to
         * application code accessing this DataSource directly via DataSourceUtils
         * or JdbcTemplate. The Connection will be taken from the JPA EntityManager.
         * <p>Note that you need to use a JPA dialect for a specific JPA implementation
         * to allow for exposing JPA transactions as JDBC transactions.
         * <p>The DataSource specified here should be the target DataSource to manage
         * transactions for, not a TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy. Only data access
         * code may work with TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy, while the transaction
         * manager needs to work on the underlying target DataSource. If there's
         * nevertheless a TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy passed in, it will be
         * unwrapped to extract its target DataSource.
         * @see EntityManagerFactoryInfo#getDataSource()
         * @see #setJpaDialect
         * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy
         * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils
         * @see org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate
         */
        public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
                if (dataSource instanceof TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy) {
                        // If we got a TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy, we need to perform transactions
                        // for its underlying target DataSource, else data access code won't see
                        // properly exposed transactions (i.e. transactions for the target DataSource).
                        this.dataSource = ((TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy) dataSource).getTargetDataSource();
                }
                else {
                        this.dataSource = dataSource;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Return the JDBC DataSource that this instance manages transactions for.
         */
        public DataSource getDataSource() {
                return this.dataSource;
        }

        /**
         * Set the JPA dialect to use for this transaction manager.
         * Used for vendor-specific transaction management and JDBC connection exposure.
         * <p>If the EntityManagerFactory uses a known JpaDialect, it will be autodetected:
         * You can still explicitly specify the DataSource, but you don't need to in this case.
         * <p>The dialect object can be used to retrieve the underlying JDBC connection
         * and thus allows for exposing JPA transactions as JDBC transactions.
         * @see EntityManagerFactoryInfo#getJpaDialect()
         * @see JpaDialect#beginTransaction
         * @see JpaDialect#getJdbcConnection
         */
        public void setJpaDialect(JpaDialect jpaDialect) {
                this.jpaDialect = (jpaDialect != null ? jpaDialect : new DefaultJpaDialect());
        }

        /**
         * Return the JPA dialect to use for this transaction manager.
         */
        public JpaDialect getJpaDialect() {
                return this.jpaDialect;
        }

        /**
         * Retrieves an EntityManagerFactory by persistence unit name, if none set explicitly.
         * Falls back to a default EntityManagerFactory bean if no persistence unit specified.
         * @see #setPersistenceUnitName
         */
        @Override
        public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
                if (getEntityManagerFactory() == null) {
                        if (!(beanFactory instanceof ListableBeanFactory)) {
                                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot retrieve EntityManagerFactory by persistence unit name " +
                                                "in a non-listable BeanFactory: " + beanFactory);
                        }
                        ListableBeanFactory lbf = (ListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
                        setEntityManagerFactory(EntityManagerFactoryUtils.findEntityManagerFactory(lbf, getPersistenceUnitName()));
                }
        }

        /**
         * Eagerly initialize the JPA dialect, creating a default one
         * for the specified EntityManagerFactory if none set.
         * Auto-detect the EntityManagerFactory's DataSource, if any.
         */
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() {
                if (getEntityManagerFactory() == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("'entityManagerFactory' or 'persistenceUnitName' is required");
                }
                if (getEntityManagerFactory() instanceof EntityManagerFactoryInfo) {
                        EntityManagerFactoryInfo emfInfo = (EntityManagerFactoryInfo) getEntityManagerFactory();
                        DataSource dataSource = emfInfo.getDataSource();
                        if (dataSource != null) {
                                setDataSource(dataSource);
                        }
                        JpaDialect jpaDialect = emfInfo.getJpaDialect();
                        if (jpaDialect != null) {
                                setJpaDialect(jpaDialect);
                        }
                }
        }


        @Override
        public Object getResourceFactory() {
                return getEntityManagerFactory();
        }

        @Override
        protected Object doGetTransaction() {
                JpaTransactionObject txObject = new JpaTransactionObject();
                txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());

                EntityManagerHolder emHolder = (EntityManagerHolder)
                                TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(getEntityManagerFactory());
                if (emHolder != null) {
                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                logger.debug("Found thread-bound EntityManager [" + emHolder.getEntityManager() +
                                                "] for JPA transaction");
                        }
                        txObject.setEntityManagerHolder(emHolder, false);
                }

                if (getDataSource() != null) {
                        ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder)
                                        TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(getDataSource());
                        txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder);
                }

                return txObject;
        }

        @Override
        protected boolean isExistingTransaction(Object transaction) {
                return ((JpaTransactionObject) transaction).hasTransaction();
        }

        @Override
        protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
                JpaTransactionObject txObject = (JpaTransactionObject) transaction;

                if (txObject.hasConnectionHolder() && !txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
                        throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
                                        "Pre-bound JDBC Connection found! JpaTransactionManager does not support " +
                                        "running within DataSourceTransactionManager if told to manage the DataSource itself. " +
                                        "It is recommended to use a single JpaTransactionManager for all transactions " +
                                        "on a single DataSource, no matter whether JPA or JDBC access.");
                }

                try {
                        if (txObject.getEntityManagerHolder() == null ||
                                        txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
                                EntityManager newEm = createEntityManagerForTransaction();
                                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                        logger.debug("Opened new EntityManager [" + newEm + "] for JPA transaction");
                                }
                                txObject.setEntityManagerHolder(new EntityManagerHolder(newEm), true);
                        }

                        EntityManager em = txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager();

                        // Delegate to JpaDialect for actual transaction begin.
                        final int timeoutToUse = determineTimeout(definition);
                        Object transactionData = getJpaDialect().beginTransaction(em,
                                        new DelegatingTransactionDefinition(definition) {
                                                @Override
                                                public int getTimeout() {
                                                        return timeoutToUse;
                                                }
                                        });
                        txObject.setTransactionData(transactionData);

                        // Register transaction timeout.
                        if (timeoutToUse != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
                                txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeoutToUse);
                        }

                        // Register the JPA EntityManager's JDBC Connection for the DataSource, if set.
                        if (getDataSource() != null) {
                                ConnectionHandle conHandle = getJpaDialect().getJdbcConnection(em, definition.isReadOnly());
                                if (conHandle != null) {
                                        ConnectionHolder conHolder = new ConnectionHolder(conHandle);
                                        if (timeoutToUse != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
                                                conHolder.setTimeoutInSeconds(timeoutToUse);
                                        }
                                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                                logger.debug("Exposing JPA transaction as JDBC [" + conHolder.getConnectionHandle() + "]");
                                        }
                                        TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), conHolder);
                                        txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder);
                                }
                                else {
                                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                                logger.debug("Not exposing JPA transaction [" + em + "] as JDBC transaction because " +
                                                                "JpaDialect [" + getJpaDialect() + "] does not support JDBC Connection retrieval");
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        // Bind the entity manager holder to the thread.
                        if (txObject.isNewEntityManagerHolder()) {
                                TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(
                                                getEntityManagerFactory(), txObject.getEntityManagerHolder());
                        }
                        txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
                }

                catch (TransactionException ex) {
                        closeEntityManagerAfterFailedBegin(txObject);
                        throw ex;
                }
                catch (Throwable ex) {
                        closeEntityManagerAfterFailedBegin(txObject);
                        throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JPA EntityManager for transaction", ex);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Create a JPA EntityManager to be used for a transaction.
         * <p>The default implementation checks whether the EntityManagerFactory
         * is a Spring proxy and unwraps it first.
         * @see javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory#createEntityManager()
         * @see EntityManagerFactoryInfo#getNativeEntityManagerFactory()
         */
        protected EntityManager createEntityManagerForTransaction() {
                EntityManagerFactory emf = getEntityManagerFactory();
                if (emf instanceof EntityManagerFactoryInfo) {
                        emf = ((EntityManagerFactoryInfo) emf).getNativeEntityManagerFactory();
                }
                Map<String, Object> properties = getJpaPropertyMap();
                return (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(properties) ?
                                emf.createEntityManager(properties) : emf.createEntityManager());
        }

        /**
         * Close the current transaction's EntityManager.
         * Called after a transaction begin attempt failed.
         * @param txObject the current transaction
         */
        protected void closeEntityManagerAfterFailedBegin(JpaTransactionObject txObject) {
                if (txObject.isNewEntityManagerHolder()) {
                        EntityManager em = txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager();
                        try {
                                if (em.getTransaction().isActive()) {
                                        em.getTransaction().rollback();
                                }
                        }
                        catch (Throwable ex) {
                                logger.debug("Could not rollback EntityManager after failed transaction begin", ex);
                        }
                        finally {
                                EntityManagerFactoryUtils.closeEntityManager(em);
                        }
                        txObject.setEntityManagerHolder(null, false);
                }
        }

        @Override
        protected Object doSuspend(Object transaction) {
                JpaTransactionObject txObject = (JpaTransactionObject) transaction;
                txObject.setEntityManagerHolder(null, false);
                EntityManagerHolder entityManagerHolder = (EntityManagerHolder)
                                TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(getEntityManagerFactory());
                txObject.setConnectionHolder(null);
                ConnectionHolder connectionHolder = null;
                if (getDataSource() != null && TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(getDataSource())) {
                        connectionHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(getDataSource());
                }
                return new SuspendedResourcesHolder(entityManagerHolder, connectionHolder);
        }

        @Override
        protected void doResume(Object transaction, Object suspendedResources) {
                SuspendedResourcesHolder resourcesHolder = (SuspendedResourcesHolder) suspendedResources;
                TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(
                                getEntityManagerFactory(), resourcesHolder.getEntityManagerHolder());
                if (getDataSource() != null && resourcesHolder.getConnectionHolder() != null) {
                        TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), resourcesHolder.getConnectionHolder());
                }
        }

        /**
         * This implementation returns "true": a JPA commit will properly handle
         * transactions that have been marked rollback-only at a global level.
         */
        @Override
        protected boolean shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() {
                return true;
        }

        @Override
        protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
                JpaTransactionObject txObject = (JpaTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                        logger.debug("Committing JPA transaction on EntityManager [" +
                                        txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager() + "]");
                }
                try {
                        EntityTransaction tx = txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager().getTransaction();
                        tx.commit();
                }
                catch (RollbackException ex) {
                        if (ex.getCause() instanceof RuntimeException) {
                                DataAccessException dex = getJpaDialect().translateExceptionIfPossible((RuntimeException) ex.getCause());
                                if (dex != null) {
                                        throw dex;
                                }
                        }
                        throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not commit JPA transaction", ex);
                }
                catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                        // Assumably failed to flush changes to database.
                        throw DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(ex, getJpaDialect());
                }
        }

        @Override
        protected void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
                JpaTransactionObject txObject = (JpaTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                        logger.debug("Rolling back JPA transaction on EntityManager [" +
                                        txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager() + "]");
                }
                try {
                        EntityTransaction tx = txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager().getTransaction();
                        if (tx.isActive()) {
                                tx.rollback();
                        }
                }
                catch (PersistenceException ex) {
                        throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not roll back JPA transaction", ex);
                }
                finally {
                        if (!txObject.isNewEntityManagerHolder()) {
                                // Clear all pending inserts/updates/deletes in the EntityManager.
                                // Necessary for pre-bound EntityManagers, to avoid inconsistent state.
                                txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager().clear();
                        }
                }
        }

        @Override
        protected void doSetRollbackOnly(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
                JpaTransactionObject txObject = (JpaTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
                if (status.isDebug()) {
                        logger.debug("Setting JPA transaction on EntityManager [" +
                                        txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager() + "] rollback-only");
                }
                txObject.setRollbackOnly();
        }

        @Override
        protected void doCleanupAfterCompletion(Object transaction) {
                JpaTransactionObject txObject = (JpaTransactionObject) transaction;

                // Remove the entity manager holder from the thread, if still there.
                // (Could have been removed by EntityManagerFactoryUtils in order
                // to replace it with an unsynchronized EntityManager).
                if (txObject.isNewEntityManagerHolder()) {
                        TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResourceIfPossible(getEntityManagerFactory());
                }
                txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().clear();

                // Remove the JDBC connection holder from the thread, if exposed.
                if (txObject.hasConnectionHolder()) {
                        TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(getDataSource());
                        ConnectionHandle conHandle = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnectionHandle();
                        if (conHandle != null) {
                                try {
                                        getJpaDialect().releaseJdbcConnection(conHandle,
                                                        txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager());
                                }
                                catch (Throwable ex) {
                                        // Just log it, to keep a transaction-related exception.
                                        logger.error("Failed to release JDBC connection after transaction", ex);
                                }
                        }
                }

                getJpaDialect().cleanupTransaction(txObject.getTransactionData());

                // Remove the entity manager holder from the thread.
                if (txObject.isNewEntityManagerHolder()) {
                        EntityManager em = txObject.getEntityManagerHolder().getEntityManager();
                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                logger.debug("Closing JPA EntityManager [" + em + "] after transaction");
                        }
                        EntityManagerFactoryUtils.closeEntityManager(em);
                }
                else {
                        logger.debug("Not closing pre-bound JPA EntityManager after transaction");
                }
        }


        /**
         * JPA transaction object, representing a EntityManagerHolder.
         * Used as transaction object by JpaTransactionManager.
         */
        private class JpaTransactionObject extends JdbcTransactionObjectSupport {

                private EntityManagerHolder entityManagerHolder;

                private boolean newEntityManagerHolder;

                private Object transactionData;

                public void setEntityManagerHolder(
                                EntityManagerHolder entityManagerHolder, boolean newEntityManagerHolder) {
                        this.entityManagerHolder = entityManagerHolder;
                        this.newEntityManagerHolder = newEntityManagerHolder;
                }

                public EntityManagerHolder getEntityManagerHolder() {
                        return this.entityManagerHolder;
                }

                public boolean isNewEntityManagerHolder() {
                        return this.newEntityManagerHolder;
                }

                public boolean hasTransaction() {
                        return (this.entityManagerHolder != null && this.entityManagerHolder.isTransactionActive());
                }

                public void setTransactionData(Object transactionData) {
                        this.transactionData = transactionData;
                        this.entityManagerHolder.setTransactionActive(true);
                        if (transactionData instanceof SavepointManager) {
                                this.entityManagerHolder.setSavepointManager((SavepointManager) transactionData);
                        }
                }

                public Object getTransactionData() {
                        return this.transactionData;
                }

                public void setRollbackOnly() {
                        EntityTransaction tx = this.entityManagerHolder.getEntityManager().getTransaction();
                        if (tx.isActive()) {
                                tx.setRollbackOnly();
                        }
                        if (hasConnectionHolder()) {
                                getConnectionHolder().setRollbackOnly();
                        }
                }

                @Override
                public boolean isRollbackOnly() {
                        EntityTransaction tx = this.entityManagerHolder.getEntityManager().getTransaction();
                        return tx.getRollbackOnly();
                }

                @Override
                public void flush() {
                        try {
                                this.entityManagerHolder.getEntityManager().flush();
                        }
                        catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                                throw DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(ex, getJpaDialect());
                        }
                }

                @Override
                public Object createSavepoint() throws TransactionException {
                        return getSavepointManager().createSavepoint();
                }

                @Override
                public void rollbackToSavepoint(Object savepoint) throws TransactionException {
                        getSavepointManager().rollbackToSavepoint(savepoint);
                }

                @Override
                public void releaseSavepoint(Object savepoint) throws TransactionException {
                        getSavepointManager().releaseSavepoint(savepoint);
                }

                private SavepointManager getSavepointManager() {
                        if (!isSavepointAllowed()) {
                                throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
                                                "Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions");
                        }
                        SavepointManager savepointManager = getEntityManagerHolder().getSavepointManager();
                        if (savepointManager == null) {
                                throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
                                                "JpaDialect does not support savepoints - check your JPA provider's capabilities");
                        }
                        return savepointManager;
                }
        }


        /**
         * Holder for suspended resources.
         * Used internally by {@code doSuspend} and {@code doResume}.
         */
        private static class SuspendedResourcesHolder {

                private final EntityManagerHolder entityManagerHolder;

                private final ConnectionHolder connectionHolder;

                private SuspendedResourcesHolder(EntityManagerHolder emHolder, ConnectionHolder conHolder) {
                        this.entityManagerHolder = emHolder;
                        this.connectionHolder = conHolder;
                }

                private EntityManagerHolder getEntityManagerHolder() {
                        return this.entityManagerHolder;
                }

                private ConnectionHolder getConnectionHolder() {
                        return this.connectionHolder;
                }
        }

}