/*
 * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.web.servlet.handler;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.util.WebUtils;

/**
 * {@link org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver} implementation
 * that allows for mapping exception class names to view names, either for a set of
 * given handlers or for all handlers in the DispatcherServlet.
 *
 * <p>Error views are analogous to error page JSPs, but can be used with any kind of
 * exception including any checked one, with fine-granular mappings for specific handlers.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Arjen Poutsma
 * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
 * @since 22.11.2003
 * @see org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
 */
public class SimpleMappingExceptionResolver extends AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver {

        /** The default name of the exception attribute: "exception". */
        public static final String DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE = "exception";


        @Nullable
        private Properties exceptionMappings;

        @Nullable
        private Class<?>[] excludedExceptions;

        @Nullable
        private String defaultErrorView;

        @Nullable
        private Integer defaultStatusCode;

        private Map<String, Integer> statusCodes = new HashMap<>();

        @Nullable
        private String exceptionAttribute = DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE;


        /**
         * Set the mappings between exception class names and error view names.
         * The exception class name can be a substring, with no wildcard support at present.
         * A value of "ServletException" would match {@code javax.servlet.ServletException}
         * and subclasses, for example.
         * <p><b>NB:</b> Consider carefully how
         * specific the pattern is, and whether to include package information (which isn't mandatory).
         * For example, "Exception" will match nearly anything, and will probably hide other rules.
         * "java.lang.Exception" would be correct if "Exception" was meant to define a rule for all
         * checked exceptions. With more unusual exception names such as "BaseBusinessException"
         * there's no need to use a FQN.
         * @param mappings exception patterns (can also be fully qualified class names) as keys,
         * and error view names as values
         */
        public void setExceptionMappings(Properties mappings) {
                this.exceptionMappings = mappings;
        }

        /**
         * Set one or more exceptions to be excluded from the exception mappings.
         * Excluded exceptions are checked first and if one of them equals the actual
         * exception, the exception will remain unresolved.
         * @param excludedExceptions one or more excluded exception types
         */
        public void setExcludedExceptions(Class<?>... excludedExceptions) {
                this.excludedExceptions = excludedExceptions;
        }

        /**
         * Set the name of the default error view.
         * This view will be returned if no specific mapping was found.
         * <p>Default is none.
         */
        public void setDefaultErrorView(String defaultErrorView) {
                this.defaultErrorView = defaultErrorView;
        }

        /**
         * Set the HTTP status code that this exception resolver will apply for a given
         * resolved error view. Keys are view names; values are status codes.
         * <p>Note that this error code will only get applied in case of a top-level request.
         * It will not be set for an include request, since the HTTP status cannot be modified
         * from within an include.
         * <p>If not specified, the default status code will be applied.
         * @see #setDefaultStatusCode(int)
         */
        public void setStatusCodes(Properties statusCodes) {
                for (Enumeration<?> enumeration = statusCodes.propertyNames(); enumeration.hasMoreElements();) {
                        String viewName = (String) enumeration.nextElement();
                        Integer statusCode = Integer.valueOf(statusCodes.getProperty(viewName));
                        this.statusCodes.put(viewName, statusCode);
                }
        }

        /**
         * An alternative to {@link #setStatusCodes(Properties)} for use with
         * Java-based configuration.
         */
        public void addStatusCode(String viewName, int statusCode) {
                this.statusCodes.put(viewName, statusCode);
        }

        /**
         * Returns the HTTP status codes provided via {@link #setStatusCodes(Properties)}.
         * Keys are view names; values are status codes.
         */
        public Map<String, Integer> getStatusCodesAsMap() {
                return Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.statusCodes);
        }

        /**
         * Set the default HTTP status code that this exception resolver will apply
         * if it resolves an error view and if there is no status code mapping defined.
         * <p>Note that this error code will only get applied in case of a top-level request.
         * It will not be set for an include request, since the HTTP status cannot be modified
         * from within an include.
         * <p>If not specified, no status code will be applied, either leaving this to the
         * controller or view, or keeping the servlet engine's default of 200 (OK).
         * @param defaultStatusCode the HTTP status code value, for example 500
         * ({@link HttpServletResponse#SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR}) or 404 ({@link HttpServletResponse#SC_NOT_FOUND})
         * @see #setStatusCodes(Properties)
         */
        public void setDefaultStatusCode(int defaultStatusCode) {
                this.defaultStatusCode = defaultStatusCode;
        }

        /**
         * Set the name of the model attribute as which the exception should be exposed.
         * Default is "exception".
         * <p>This can be either set to a different attribute name or to {@code null}
         * for not exposing an exception attribute at all.
         * @see #DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE
         */
        public void setExceptionAttribute(@Nullable String exceptionAttribute) {
                this.exceptionAttribute = exceptionAttribute;
        }


        /**
         * Actually resolve the given exception that got thrown during on handler execution,
         * returning a ModelAndView that represents a specific error page if appropriate.
         * <p>May be overridden in subclasses, in order to apply specific exception checks.
         * Note that this template method will be invoked <i>after</i> checking whether this
         * resolved applies ("mappedHandlers" etc), so an implementation may simply proceed
         * with its actual exception handling.
         * @param request current HTTP request
         * @param response current HTTP response
         * @param handler the executed handler, or {@code null} if none chosen at the time
         * of the exception (for example, if multipart resolution failed)
         * @param ex the exception that got thrown during handler execution
         * @return a corresponding {@code ModelAndView} to forward to,
         * or {@code null} for default processing in the resolution chain
         */
        @Override
        @Nullable
        protected ModelAndView doResolveException(
                        HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {

                // Expose ModelAndView for chosen error view.
                String viewName = determineViewName(ex, request);
                if (viewName != null) {
                        // Apply HTTP status code for error views, if specified.
                        // Only apply it if we're processing a top-level request.
                        Integer statusCode = determineStatusCode(request, viewName);
                        if (statusCode != null) {
                                applyStatusCodeIfPossible(request, response, statusCode);
                        }
                        return getModelAndView(viewName, ex, request);
                }
                else {
                        return null;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Determine the view name for the given exception, first checking against the
         * {@link #setExcludedExceptions(Class[]) "excludedExecptions"}, then searching the
         * {@link #setExceptionMappings "exceptionMappings"}, and finally using the
         * {@link #setDefaultErrorView "defaultErrorView"} as a fallback.
         * @param ex the exception that got thrown during handler execution
         * @param request current HTTP request (useful for obtaining metadata)
         * @return the resolved view name, or {@code null} if excluded or none found
         */
        @Nullable
        protected String determineViewName(Exception ex, HttpServletRequest request) {
                String viewName = null;
                if (this.excludedExceptions != null) {
                        for (Class<?> excludedEx : this.excludedExceptions) {
                                if (excludedEx.equals(ex.getClass())) {
                                        return null;
                                }
                        }
                }
                // Check for specific exception mappings.
                if (this.exceptionMappings != null) {
                        viewName = findMatchingViewName(this.exceptionMappings, ex);
                }
                // Return default error view else, if defined.
                if (viewName == null && this.defaultErrorView != null) {
                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                logger.debug("Resolving to default view '" + this.defaultErrorView + "'");
                        }
                        viewName = this.defaultErrorView;
                }
                return viewName;
        }

        /**
         * Find a matching view name in the given exception mappings.
         * @param exceptionMappings mappings between exception class names and error view names
         * @param ex the exception that got thrown during handler execution
         * @return the view name, or {@code null} if none found
         * @see #setExceptionMappings
         */
        @Nullable
        protected String findMatchingViewName(Properties exceptionMappings, Exception ex) {
                String viewName = null;
                String dominantMapping = null;
                int deepest = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                for (Enumeration<?> names = exceptionMappings.propertyNames(); names.hasMoreElements();) {
                        String exceptionMapping = (String) names.nextElement();
                        int depth = getDepth(exceptionMapping, ex);
                        if (depth >= 0 && (depth < deepest || (depth == deepest &&
                                        dominantMapping != null && exceptionMapping.length() > dominantMapping.length()))) {
                                deepest = depth;
                                dominantMapping = exceptionMapping;
                                viewName = exceptionMappings.getProperty(exceptionMapping);
                        }
                }
                if (viewName != null && logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("Resolving to view '" + viewName + "' based on mapping [" + dominantMapping + "]");
                }
                return viewName;
        }

        /**
         * Return the depth to the superclass matching.
         * <p>0 means ex matches exactly. Returns -1 if there's no match.
         * Otherwise, returns depth. Lowest depth wins.
         */
        protected int getDepth(String exceptionMapping, Exception ex) {
                return getDepth(exceptionMapping, ex.getClass(), 0);
        }

        private int getDepth(String exceptionMapping, Class<?> exceptionClass, int depth) {
                if (exceptionClass.getName().contains(exceptionMapping)) {
                        // Found it!
                        return depth;
                }
                // If we've gone as far as we can go and haven't found it...
                if (exceptionClass == Throwable.class) {
                        return -1;
                }
                return getDepth(exceptionMapping, exceptionClass.getSuperclass(), depth + 1);
        }

        /**
         * Determine the HTTP status code to apply for the given error view.
         * <p>The default implementation returns the status code for the given view name (specified through the
         * {@link #setStatusCodes(Properties) statusCodes} property), or falls back to the
         * {@link #setDefaultStatusCode defaultStatusCode} if there is no match.
         * <p>Override this in a custom subclass to customize this behavior.
         * @param request current HTTP request
         * @param viewName the name of the error view
         * @return the HTTP status code to use, or {@code null} for the servlet container's default
         * (200 in case of a standard error view)
         * @see #setDefaultStatusCode
         * @see #applyStatusCodeIfPossible
         */
        @Nullable
        protected Integer determineStatusCode(HttpServletRequest request, String viewName) {
                if (this.statusCodes.containsKey(viewName)) {
                        return this.statusCodes.get(viewName);
                }
                return this.defaultStatusCode;
        }

        /**
         * Apply the specified HTTP status code to the given response, if possible (that is,
         * if not executing within an include request).
         * @param request current HTTP request
         * @param response current HTTP response
         * @param statusCode the status code to apply
         * @see #determineStatusCode
         * @see #setDefaultStatusCode
         * @see HttpServletResponse#setStatus
         */
        protected void applyStatusCodeIfPossible(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, int statusCode) {
                if (!WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                logger.debug("Applying HTTP status " + statusCode);
                        }
                        response.setStatus(statusCode);
                        request.setAttribute(WebUtils.ERROR_STATUS_CODE_ATTRIBUTE, statusCode);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Return a ModelAndView for the given request, view name and exception.
         * <p>The default implementation delegates to {@link #getModelAndView(String, Exception)}.
         * @param viewName the name of the error view
         * @param ex the exception that got thrown during handler execution
         * @param request current HTTP request (useful for obtaining metadata)
         * @return the ModelAndView instance
         */
        protected ModelAndView getModelAndView(String viewName, Exception ex, HttpServletRequest request) {
                return getModelAndView(viewName, ex);
        }

        /**
         * Return a ModelAndView for the given view name and exception.
         * <p>The default implementation adds the specified exception attribute.
         * Can be overridden in subclasses.
         * @param viewName the name of the error view
         * @param ex the exception that got thrown during handler execution
         * @return the ModelAndView instance
         * @see #setExceptionAttribute
         */
        protected ModelAndView getModelAndView(String viewName, Exception ex) {
                ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(viewName);
                if (this.exceptionAttribute != null) {
                        mv.addObject(this.exceptionAttribute, ex);
                }
                return mv;
        }

}