MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual
Including MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6
Abstract
This is the MySQL™ Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 5.7 through 5.7.32, as well as NDB Cluster releases based on version 7.5 of NDB
through 5.7.31-ndb-7.5.20, respectively. It may include documentation of features of MySQL versions that have not yet been released. For information about which versions have been released, see the MySQL 5.7 Release Notes .
MySQL 5.7 features. This manual describes features that are not included in every edition of MySQL 5.7; such features may not be included in the edition of MySQL 5.7 licensed to you. If you have any questions about the features included in your edition of MySQL 5.7, refer to your MySQL 5.7 license agreement or contact your Oracle sales representative.
For notes detailing the changes in each release, see the MySQL 5.7 Release Notes .
For legal information, including licensing information, see the Preface and Legal Notices.
For help with using MySQL, please visit the MySQL Forums , where you can discuss your issues with other MySQL users.
Document generated on: 2020-07-26 (revision: 66783)
Table of Contents
- Preface and Legal Notices
- 1 General Information
-
- 1.1 About This Manual
- 1.2 Typographical and Syntax Conventions
- 1.3 Overview of the MySQL Database Management System
- 1.4 What Is New in MySQL 5.7
- 1.5 Server and Status Variables and Options Added, Deprecated, or Removed in MySQL 5.7
- 1.6 MySQL Information Sources
- 1.7 How to Report Bugs or Problems
- 1.8 MySQL Standards Compliance
- 1.9 Credits
- 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL
-
- 2.1 General Installation Guidance
- 2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
- 2.3 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows
-
- 2.3.1 MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft Windows
- 2.3.2 Choosing an Installation Package
- 2.3.3 MySQL Installer for Windows
-
2.3.4 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a
noinstall
ZIP Archive - 2.3.5 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation
- 2.3.6 Windows Postinstallation Procedures
- 2.3.7 Windows Platform Restrictions
- 2.4 Installing MySQL on macOS
- 2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux
-
- 2.5.1 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository
- 2.5.2 Replacing a Third-Party Distribution of MySQL Using the MySQL Yum Repository
- 2.5.3 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository
- 2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL SLES Repository
- 2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle
- 2.5.6 Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle
- 2.5.7 Deploying MySQL on Linux with Docker
- 2.5.8 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories
- 2.5.9 Installing MySQL on Linux with Juju
- 2.5.10 Managing MySQL Server with systemd
- 2.6 Installing MySQL Using Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)
- 2.7 Installing MySQL on Solaris
- 2.8 Installing MySQL on FreeBSD
- 2.9 Installing MySQL from Source
-
- 2.9.1 Source Installation Methods
- 2.9.2 Source Installation Prerequisites
- 2.9.3 MySQL Layout for Source Installation
- 2.9.4 Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution
- 2.9.5 Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree
- 2.9.6 Configuring SSL Library Support
- 2.9.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options
- 2.9.8 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL
- 2.9.9 MySQL Configuration and Third-Party Tools
- 2.10 Postinstallation Setup and Testing
- 2.11 Upgrading MySQL
-
- 2.11.1 Before You Begin
- 2.11.2 Upgrade Paths
- 2.11.3 Changes in MySQL 5.7
- 2.11.4 Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux
- 2.11.5 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository
- 2.11.6 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL APT Repository
- 2.11.7 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL SLES Repository
- 2.11.8 Upgrading MySQL on Windows
- 2.11.9 Upgrading a Docker Installation of MySQL
- 2.11.10 Upgrading MySQL with Directly-Downloaded RPM Packages
- 2.11.11 Upgrade Troubleshooting
- 2.11.12 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes
- 2.11.13 Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine
- 2.12 Downgrading MySQL
- 2.13 Perl Installation Notes
- 3 Tutorial
-
- 3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server
- 3.2 Entering Queries
- 3.3 Creating and Using a Database
- 3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables
- 3.5 Using mysql in Batch Mode
- 3.6 Examples of Common Queries
-
- 3.6.1 The Maximum Value for a Column
- 3.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
- 3.6.3 Maximum of Column per Group
- 3.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column
- 3.6.5 Using User-Defined Variables
- 3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys
- 3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys
- 3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day
- 3.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT
- 3.7 Using MySQL with Apache
- 4 MySQL Programs
-
- 4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs
- 4.2 Using MySQL Programs
- 4.3 Server and Server-Startup Programs
- 4.4 Installation-Related Programs
-
- 4.4.1 comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File
- 4.4.2 mysql_install_db — Initialize MySQL Data Directory
- 4.4.3 mysql_plugin — Configure MySQL Server Plugins
- 4.4.4 mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security
- 4.4.5 mysql_ssl_rsa_setup — Create SSL/RSA Files
- 4.4.6 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables
- 4.4.7 mysql_upgrade — Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables
- 4.5 Client Programs
-
- 4.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client
- 4.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program
- 4.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program
- 4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
- 4.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program
- 4.5.6 mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program
- 4.5.7 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information
- 4.5.8 mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client
- 4.6 Administrative and Utility Programs
-
- 4.6.1 innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility
- 4.6.2 myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information
- 4.6.3 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility
- 4.6.4 myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents
- 4.6.5 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables
- 4.6.6 mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility
- 4.6.7 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files
- 4.6.8 mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files
- 4.7 Program Development Utilities
- 4.8 Miscellaneous Programs
- 4.9 Environment Variables
- 4.10 Unix Signal Handling in MySQL
- 5 MySQL Server Administration
-
- 5.1 The MySQL Server
-
- 5.1.1 Configuring the Server
- 5.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults
- 5.1.3 Server Option, System Variable, and Status Variable Reference
- 5.1.4 Server System Variable Reference
- 5.1.5 Server Status Variable Reference
- 5.1.6 Server Command Options
- 5.1.7 Server System Variables
- 5.1.8 Using System Variables
- 5.1.9 Server Status Variables
- 5.1.10 Server SQL Modes
- 5.1.11 Connection Management
- 5.1.12 IPv6 Support
- 5.1.13 MySQL Server Time Zone Support
- 5.1.14 Server-Side Help Support
- 5.1.15 Server Tracking of Client Session State Changes
- 5.1.16 The Server Shutdown Process
- 5.2 The MySQL Data Directory
- 5.3 The mysql System Database
- 5.4 MySQL Server Logs
- 5.5 MySQL Server Plugins
- 5.6 MySQL Server User-Defined Functions
- 5.7 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine
- 5.8 Tracing mysqld Using DTrace
- 6 Security
-
- 6.1 General Security Issues
- 6.2 Access Control and Account Management
-
- 6.2.1 Account User Names and Passwords
- 6.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL
- 6.2.3 Grant Tables
- 6.2.4 Specifying Account Names
- 6.2.5 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
- 6.2.6 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
- 6.2.7 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts
- 6.2.8 Reserved Accounts
- 6.2.9 When Privilege Changes Take Effect
- 6.2.10 Assigning Account Passwords
- 6.2.11 Password Management
- 6.2.12 Server Handling of Expired Passwords
- 6.2.13 Pluggable Authentication
- 6.2.14 Proxy Users
- 6.2.15 Account Locking
- 6.2.16 Setting Account Resource Limits
- 6.2.17 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL
- 6.2.18 SQL-Based Account Activity Auditing
- 6.3 Using Encrypted Connections
- 6.4 Security Plugins
- 6.5 SELinux
- 7 Backup and Recovery
- 8 Optimization
-
- 8.1 Optimization Overview
- 8.2 Optimizing SQL Statements
- 8.3 Optimization and Indexes
-
- 8.3.1 How MySQL Uses Indexes
- 8.3.2 Primary Key Optimization
- 8.3.3 Foreign Key Optimization
- 8.3.4 Column Indexes
- 8.3.5 Multiple-Column Indexes
- 8.3.6 Verifying Index Usage
- 8.3.7 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection
- 8.3.8 Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes
- 8.3.9 Use of Index Extensions
- 8.3.10 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes
- 8.3.11 Indexed Lookups from TIMESTAMP Columns
- 8.4 Optimizing Database Structure
- 8.5 Optimizing for InnoDB Tables
-
- 8.5.1 Optimizing Storage Layout for InnoDB Tables
- 8.5.2 Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management
- 8.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions
- 8.5.4 Optimizing InnoDB Redo Logging
- 8.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables
- 8.5.6 Optimizing InnoDB Queries
- 8.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations
- 8.5.8 Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O
- 8.5.9 Optimizing InnoDB Configuration Variables
- 8.5.10 Optimizing InnoDB for Systems with Many Tables
- 8.6 Optimizing for MyISAM Tables
- 8.7 Optimizing for MEMORY Tables
- 8.8 Understanding the Query Execution Plan
- 8.9 Controlling the Query Optimizer
- 8.10 Buffering and Caching
- 8.11 Optimizing Locking Operations
- 8.12 Optimizing the MySQL Server
- 8.13 Measuring Performance (Benchmarking)
- 8.14 Examining Server Thread (Process) Information
-
- 8.14.1 Accessing the Process List
- 8.14.2 Thread Command Values
- 8.14.3 General Thread States
- 8.14.4 Query Cache Thread States
- 8.14.5 Replication Source Thread States
- 8.14.6 Replication Replica I/O Thread States
- 8.14.7 Replication Replica SQL Thread States
- 8.14.8 Replication Replica Connection Thread States
- 8.14.9 NDB Cluster Thread States
- 8.14.10 Event Scheduler Thread States
- 9 Language Structure
- 10 Character Sets, Collations, Unicode
-
- 10.1 Character Sets and Collations in General
- 10.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
- 10.3 Specifying Character Sets and Collations
-
- 10.3.1 Collation Naming Conventions
- 10.3.2 Server Character Set and Collation
- 10.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation
- 10.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation
- 10.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation
- 10.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation
- 10.3.7 The National Character Set
- 10.3.8 Character Set Introducers
- 10.3.9 Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment
- 10.3.10 Compatibility with Other DBMSs
- 10.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations
- 10.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation
- 10.6 Error Message Character Set
- 10.7 Column Character Set Conversion
- 10.8 Collation Issues
-
- 10.8.1 Using COLLATE in SQL Statements
- 10.8.2 COLLATE Clause Precedence
- 10.8.3 Character Set and Collation Compatibility
- 10.8.4 Collation Coercibility in Expressions
- 10.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations
- 10.8.6 Examples of the Effect of Collation
- 10.8.7 Using Collation in INFORMATION_SCHEMA Searches
- 10.9 Unicode Support
-
- 10.9.1 The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)
- 10.9.2 The utf8mb3 Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)
- 10.9.3 The utf8 Character Set (Alias for utf8mb3)
- 10.9.4 The ucs2 Character Set (UCS-2 Unicode Encoding)
- 10.9.5 The utf16 Character Set (UTF-16 Unicode Encoding)
- 10.9.6 The utf16le Character Set (UTF-16LE Unicode Encoding)
- 10.9.7 The utf32 Character Set (UTF-32 Unicode Encoding)
- 10.9.8 Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets
- 10.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations
- 10.11 Restrictions on Character Sets
- 10.12 Setting the Error Message Language
- 10.13 Adding a Character Set
- 10.14 Adding a Collation to a Character Set
- 10.15 Character Set Configuration
- 10.16 MySQL Server Locale Support
- 11 Data Types
-
- 11.1 Numeric Data Types
-
- 11.1.1 Numeric Data Type Syntax
- 11.1.2 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, MEDIUMINT, BIGINT
- 11.1.3 Fixed-Point Types (Exact Value) - DECIMAL, NUMERIC
- 11.1.4 Floating-Point Types (Approximate Value) - FLOAT, DOUBLE
- 11.1.5 Bit-Value Type - BIT
- 11.1.6 Numeric Type Attributes
- 11.1.7 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling
- 11.2 Date and Time Data Types
-
- 11.2.1 Date and Time Data Type Syntax
- 11.2.2 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types
- 11.2.3 The TIME Type
- 11.2.4 The YEAR Type
- 11.2.5 2-Digit YEAR(2) Limitations and Migrating to 4-Digit YEAR
- 11.2.6 Automatic Initialization and Updating for TIMESTAMP and DATETIME
- 11.2.7 Fractional Seconds in Time Values
- 11.2.8 Conversion Between Date and Time Types
- 11.2.9 2-Digit Years in Dates
- 11.3 String Data Types
- 11.4 Spatial Data Types
-
- 11.4.1 Spatial Data Types
- 11.4.2 The OpenGIS Geometry Model
- 11.4.3 Supported Spatial Data Formats
- 11.4.4 Geometry Well-Formedness and Validity
- 11.4.5 Creating Spatial Columns
- 11.4.6 Populating Spatial Columns
- 11.4.7 Fetching Spatial Data
- 11.4.8 Optimizing Spatial Analysis
- 11.4.9 Creating Spatial Indexes
- 11.4.10 Using Spatial Indexes
- 11.5 The JSON Data Type
- 11.6 Data Type Default Values
- 11.7 Data Type Storage Requirements
- 11.8 Choosing the Right Type for a Column
- 11.9 Using Data Types from Other Database Engines
- 12 Functions and Operators
-
- 12.1 Function and Operator Reference
- 12.2 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
- 12.3 Operators
- 12.4 Control Flow Functions
- 12.5 Numeric Functions and Operators
- 12.6 Date and Time Functions
- 12.7 String Functions and Operators
- 12.8 What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?
- 12.9 Full-Text Search Functions
-
- 12.9.1 Natural Language Full-Text Searches
- 12.9.2 Boolean Full-Text Searches
- 12.9.3 Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion
- 12.9.4 Full-Text Stopwords
- 12.9.5 Full-Text Restrictions
- 12.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search
- 12.9.7 Adding a Collation for Full-Text Indexing
- 12.9.8 ngram Full-Text Parser
- 12.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin
- 12.10 Cast Functions and Operators
- 12.11 XML Functions
- 12.12 Bit Functions and Operators
- 12.13 Encryption and Compression Functions
- 12.14 Locking Functions
- 12.15 Information Functions
- 12.16 Spatial Analysis Functions
-
- 12.16.1 Spatial Function Reference
- 12.16.2 Argument Handling by Spatial Functions
- 12.16.3 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKT Values
- 12.16.4 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKB Values
- 12.16.5 MySQL-Specific Functions That Create Geometry Values
- 12.16.6 Geometry Format Conversion Functions
- 12.16.7 Geometry Property Functions
- 12.16.8 Spatial Operator Functions
- 12.16.9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects
- 12.16.10 Spatial Geohash Functions
- 12.16.11 Spatial GeoJSON Functions
- 12.16.12 Spatial Convenience Functions
- 12.17 JSON Functions
- 12.18 Functions Used with Global Transaction Identifiers (GTIDs)
- 12.19 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Functions
- 12.20 Aggregate Functions
- 12.21 Miscellaneous Functions
- 12.22 Precision Math
- 13 SQL Statements
-
- 13.1 Data Definition Statements
-
- 13.1.1 ALTER DATABASE Statement
- 13.1.2 ALTER EVENT Statement
- 13.1.3 ALTER FUNCTION Statement
- 13.1.4 ALTER INSTANCE Statement
- 13.1.5 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement
- 13.1.6 ALTER PROCEDURE Statement
- 13.1.7 ALTER SERVER Statement
- 13.1.8 ALTER TABLE Statement
- 13.1.9 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement
- 13.1.10 ALTER VIEW Statement
- 13.1.11 CREATE DATABASE Statement
- 13.1.12 CREATE EVENT Statement
- 13.1.13 CREATE FUNCTION Statement
- 13.1.14 CREATE INDEX Statement
- 13.1.15 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement
- 13.1.16 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements
- 13.1.17 CREATE SERVER Statement
- 13.1.18 CREATE TABLE Statement
- 13.1.19 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement
- 13.1.20 CREATE TRIGGER Statement
- 13.1.21 CREATE VIEW Statement
- 13.1.22 DROP DATABASE Statement
- 13.1.23 DROP EVENT Statement
- 13.1.24 DROP FUNCTION Statement
- 13.1.25 DROP INDEX Statement
- 13.1.26 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Statement
- 13.1.27 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements
- 13.1.28 DROP SERVER Statement
- 13.1.29 DROP TABLE Statement
- 13.1.30 DROP TABLESPACE Statement
- 13.1.31 DROP TRIGGER Statement
- 13.1.32 DROP VIEW Statement
- 13.1.33 RENAME TABLE Statement
- 13.1.34 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
- 13.2 Data Manipulation Statements
- 13.3 Transactional and Locking Statements
-
- 13.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements
- 13.3.2 Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
- 13.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
- 13.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements
- 13.3.5 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements
- 13.3.6 SET TRANSACTION Statement
- 13.3.7 XA Transactions
- 13.4 Replication Statements
- 13.5 Prepared Statements
- 13.6 Compound Statements
- 13.7 Database Administration Statements
- 13.8 Utility Statements
- 14 The InnoDB Storage Engine
-
- 14.1 Introduction to InnoDB
- 14.2 InnoDB and the ACID Model
- 14.3 InnoDB Multi-Versioning
- 14.4 InnoDB Architecture
- 14.5 InnoDB In-Memory Structures
- 14.6 InnoDB On-Disk Structures
- 14.7 InnoDB Locking and Transaction Model
- 14.8 InnoDB Configuration
-
- 14.8.1 InnoDB Startup Configuration
- 14.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation
- 14.8.3 InnoDB Buffer Pool Configuration
- 14.8.4 Configuring the Memory Allocator for InnoDB
- 14.8.5 Configuring Thread Concurrency for InnoDB
- 14.8.6 Configuring the Number of Background InnoDB I/O Threads
- 14.8.7 Using Asynchronous I/O on Linux
- 14.8.8 Configuring InnoDB I/O Capacity
- 14.8.9 Configuring Spin Lock Polling
- 14.8.10 Purge Configuration
- 14.8.11 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB
- 14.8.12 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages
- 14.9 InnoDB Table and Page Compression
- 14.10 InnoDB File-Format Management
- 14.11 InnoDB Row Formats
- 14.12 InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space Management
- 14.13 InnoDB and Online DDL
- 14.14 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption
- 14.15 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables
- 14.16 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables
-
- 14.16.1 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables about Compression
- 14.16.2 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Transaction and Locking Information
- 14.16.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA System Tables
- 14.16.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables
- 14.16.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables
- 14.16.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table
- 14.16.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Info Table
- 14.16.8 Retrieving InnoDB Tablespace Metadata from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES
- 14.17 InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance Schema
- 14.18 InnoDB Monitors
- 14.19 InnoDB Backup and Recovery
- 14.20 InnoDB and MySQL Replication
- 14.21 InnoDB memcached Plugin
-
- 14.21.1 Benefits of the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 14.21.2 InnoDB memcached Architecture
- 14.21.3 Setting Up the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 14.21.4 Security Considerations for the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 14.21.5 Writing Applications for the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 14.21.6 The InnoDB memcached Plugin and Replication
- 14.21.7 InnoDB memcached Plugin Internals
- 14.21.8 Troubleshooting the InnoDB memcached Plugin
- 14.22 InnoDB Troubleshooting
- 14.23 InnoDB Limits
- 14.24 InnoDB Restrictions and Limitations
- 15 Alternative Storage Engines
-
- 15.1 Setting the Storage Engine
- 15.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine
- 15.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine
- 15.4 The CSV Storage Engine
- 15.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine
- 15.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine
- 15.7 The MERGE Storage Engine
- 15.8 The FEDERATED Storage Engine
- 15.9 The EXAMPLE Storage Engine
- 15.10 Other Storage Engines
- 15.11 Overview of MySQL Storage Engine Architecture
- 16 Replication
-
- 16.1 Configuring Replication
-
- 16.1.1 Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview
- 16.1.2 Setting Up Binary Log File Position Based Replication
- 16.1.3 Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers
- 16.1.4 Changing Replication Modes on Online Servers
- 16.1.5 MySQL Multi-Source Replication
- 16.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables
- 16.1.7 Common Replication Administration Tasks
- 16.2 Replication Implementation
- 16.3 Replication Solutions
-
- 16.3.1 Using Replication for Backups
- 16.3.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replica
- 16.3.3 Using Replication with Different Source and Replica Storage Engines
- 16.3.4 Using Replication for Scale-Out
- 16.3.5 Replicating Different Databases to Different Replicas
- 16.3.6 Improving Replication Performance
- 16.3.7 Switching Sources During Failover
- 16.3.8 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections
- 16.3.9 Semisynchronous Replication
- 16.3.10 Delayed Replication
- 16.4 Replication Notes and Tips
- 17 Group Replication
-
- 17.1 Group Replication Background
- 17.2 Getting Started
- 17.3 Monitoring Group Replication
- 17.4 Group Replication Operations
- 17.5 Group Replication Security
- 17.6 Group Replication System Variables
- 17.7 Requirements and Limitations
- 17.8 Frequently Asked Questions
- 17.9 Group Replication Technical Details
- 18 MySQL Shell
- 19 Using MySQL as a Document Store
- 20 InnoDB Cluster
- 21 MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 and NDB Cluster 7.6
-
- 21.1 NDB Cluster Overview
-
- 21.1.1 NDB Cluster Core Concepts
- 21.1.2 NDB Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions
- 21.1.3 NDB Cluster Hardware, Software, and Networking Requirements
- 21.1.4 What is New in NDB Cluster
- 21.1.5 NDB: Added, Deprecated, and Removed Options, Variables, and Parameters
- 21.1.6 MySQL Server Using InnoDB Compared with NDB Cluster
- 21.1.7 Known Limitations of NDB Cluster
- 21.2 NDB Cluster Installation
-
- 21.2.1 The NDB Cluster Auto-Installer (NDB 7.5)
- 21.2.2 The NDB Cluster Auto-Installer (NDB 7.6)
- 21.2.3 Installation of NDB Cluster on Linux
- 21.2.4 Installing NDB Cluster on Windows
- 21.2.5 Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster
- 21.2.6 Initial Startup of NDB Cluster
- 21.2.7 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data
- 21.2.8 Safe Shutdown and Restart of NDB Cluster
- 21.2.9 Upgrading and Downgrading NDB Cluster
- 21.3 Configuration of NDB Cluster
- 21.4 NDB Cluster Programs
-
- 21.4.1 ndbd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon
- 21.4.2 ndbinfo_select_all — Select From ndbinfo Tables
- 21.4.3 ndbmtd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded)
- 21.4.4 ndb_mgmd — The NDB Cluster Management Server Daemon
- 21.4.5 ndb_mgm — The NDB Cluster Management Client
- 21.4.6 ndb_blob_tool — Check and Repair BLOB and TEXT columns of NDB Cluster Tables
- 21.4.7 ndb_config — Extract NDB Cluster Configuration Information
- 21.4.8 ndb_cpcd — Automate Testing for NDB Development
- 21.4.9 ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table
- 21.4.10 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables
- 21.4.11 ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table
- 21.4.12 ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table
- 21.4.13 ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting Utility
- 21.4.14 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB
- 21.4.15 ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility
- 21.4.16 ndb_move_data — NDB Data Copy Utility
- 21.4.17 ndb_perror — Obtain NDB Error Message Information
- 21.4.18 ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents
- 21.4.19 ndb_print_file — Print NDB Disk Data File Contents
- 21.4.20 ndb_print_frag_file — Print NDB Fragment List File Contents
- 21.4.21 ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema File Contents
- 21.4.22 ndb_print_sys_file — Print NDB System File Contents
- 21.4.23 ndb_redo_log_reader — Check and Print Content of Cluster Redo Log
- 21.4.24 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup
- 21.4.25 ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table
- 21.4.26 ndb_select_count — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables
- 21.4.27 ndb_setup.py — Start browser-based Auto-Installer for NDB Cluster
- 21.4.28 ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables
- 21.4.29 ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement Estimator
- 21.4.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads
- 21.4.31 ndb_waiter — Wait for NDB Cluster to Reach a Given Status
- 21.4.32 Options Common to NDB Cluster Programs — Options Common to NDB Cluster Programs
- 21.5 Management of NDB Cluster
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- 21.5.1 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client
- 21.5.2 NDB Cluster Log Messages
- 21.5.3 Event Reports Generated in NDB Cluster
- 21.5.4 Summary of NDB Cluster Start Phases
- 21.5.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster
- 21.5.6 NDB Cluster Single User Mode
- 21.5.7 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online
- 21.5.8 Online Backup of NDB Cluster
- 21.5.9 MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster
- 21.5.10 NDB Cluster Disk Data Tables
- 21.5.11 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster
- 21.5.12 Distributed Privileges Using Shared Grant Tables
- 21.5.13 NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables
- 21.5.14 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database
- 21.5.15 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for NDB Cluster
- 21.5.16 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements
- 21.5.17 NDB Cluster Security Issues
- 21.6 NDB Cluster Replication
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- 21.6.1 NDB Cluster Replication: Abbreviations and Symbols
- 21.6.2 General Requirements for NDB Cluster Replication
- 21.6.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication
- 21.6.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables
- 21.6.5 Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication
- 21.6.6 Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replicat