numpy.random.Generator.chisquare

method

random.Generator.chisquare(df, size=None)

Draw samples from a chi-square distribution.

When df independent random variables, each with standard normal distributions (mean 0, variance 1), are squared and summed, the resulting distribution is chi-square (see Notes). This distribution is often used in hypothesis testing.

Parameters

dffloat or array_like of floats

Number of degrees of freedom, must be > 0.

sizeint or tuple of ints, optional

Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g., (m, n, k), then m * n * k samples are drawn. If size is None (default), a single value is returned if df is a scalar. Otherwise, np.array(df).size samples are drawn.

Returns

outndarray or scalar

Drawn samples from the parameterized chi-square distribution.

Raises

ValueError

When df <= 0 or when an inappropriate size (e.g. size=-1) is given.

Notes

The variable obtained by summing the squares of df independent, standard normally distributed random variables:

is chi-square distributed, denoted

The probability density function of the chi-squared distribution is

where is the gamma function,

References

1

NIST “Engineering Statistics Handbook” https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3666.htm

Examples

>>> np.random.default_rng().chisquare(2,4)
array([ 1.89920014,  9.00867716,  3.13710533,  5.62318272]) # random