handler.getPrototypeOf()

new Proxy(obj, {
  getPrototypeOf(target) {
  ...
  }
});

const obj = {};
const proto = {};
const handler = {
    getPrototypeOf(target) {
        console.log(target === obj);   // true
        console.log(this === handler); // true
        return proto;
    }
};

const p = new Proxy(obj, handler);
console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(p) === proto);    // true

const obj = {};
const p = new Proxy(obj, {
    getPrototypeOf(target) {
        return Array.prototype;
    }
});
console.log(
    Object.getPrototypeOf(p) === Array.prototype,  // true
    Reflect.getPrototypeOf(p) === Array.prototype, // true
    p.__proto__ === Array.prototype,               // true
    Array.prototype.isPrototypeOf(p),              // true
    p instanceof Array                             // true
);

const obj = {};
const p = new Proxy(obj, {
    getPrototypeOf(target) {
        return 'foo';
    }
});
Object.getPrototypeOf(p); // TypeError: "foo" is not an object or null

const obj = Object.preventExtensions({});
const p = new Proxy(obj, {
    getPrototypeOf(target) {
        return {};
    }
});
Object.getPrototypeOf(p); // TypeError: expected same prototype value