String.prototype.slice()

beginIndex

The zero-based index at which to begin extraction.

If beginIndex is negative, slice() begins extraction from str.length + beginIndex. (E.g. "test".slice(-2) returns "st")

If beginIndex is omitted, undefined, or cannot be converted to a number (using Number(beginIndex)), slice() begins extraction from the beginning of the string. (E.g. "test".slice() returns "test")

If beginIndex is greater than or equal to str.length, an empty string is returned. (E.g. "test".slice(4) returns "")

endIndex Optional

The index of the first character to exclude from the returned substring.

If endIndex is omitted, undefined, or cannot be converted to a number (using Number(endIndex)) slice() extracts to the end of the string. (E.g. "test".slice(2) returns "st")

If endIndex is greater than str.length, slice() also extracts to the end of the string. (E.g. "test".slice(2, 10) returns "st")

If endIndex is negative, slice() treats it as str.length + endIndex. (E.g, if endIndex is -2, it is treated as str.length - 2 and "test".slice(1, -2) returns "e") .

If endIndex represents a position that is before the one represented by startIndex, slice() returns "". (E.g "test".slice(2, -10), "test".slice(-1, -2) or "test".slice(3, 2)).

A new string containing the extracted section of the string.

slice() extracts the text from one string and returns a new string. Changes to the text in one string do not affect the other string.

slice() extracts up to but not including endIndex. str.slice(1, 4) extracts the second character through the fourth character (characters indexed 1, 2, and 3).

As an example, str.slice(2, -1) extracts the third character through the second to last character in the string.

The following example uses slice() to create a new string.

let str1 = 'The morning is upon us.', // the length of str1 is 23.
    str2 = str1.slice(1, 8),
    str3 = str1.slice(4, -2),
    str4 = str1.slice(12),
    str5 = str1.slice(30);
console.log(str2)  // OUTPUT: he morn
console.log(str3)  // OUTPUT: morning is upon u
console.log(str4)  // OUTPUT: is upon us.
console.log(str5)  // OUTPUT: ""

The following example uses slice() with negative indexes.

let str = 'The morning is upon us.'
str.slice(-3)      // returns 'us.'
str.slice(-3, -1)  // returns 'us'
str.slice(0, -1)   // returns 'The morning is upon us'

This example counts backwards from the end of the string by 11 to find the start index and forwards from the start of the string by 16 to find the end index.

console.log(str.slice(-11, 16)) // => "is u"

Here it counts forwards from the start by 11 to find the start index and backwards from the end by 7 to find the end index.

console.log(str.slice(11, -7)) // => " is u"

These arguments count backwards from the end by 5 to find the start index and backwards from the end by 1 to find the end index.

console.log(str.slice(-5, -1)) // => "n us"

• String.prototype.substr()
• String.prototype.substring()
• Array.prototype.slice()