numpy.average

numpy.average(a, axis=None, weights=None, returned=False, *, keepdims=<no value>)[source]

Compute the weighted average along the specified axis.

Parameters

aarray_like

Array containing data to be averaged. If a is not an array, a conversion is attempted.

axisNone or int or tuple of ints, optional

Axis or axes along which to average a. The default, axis=None, will average over all of the elements of the input array. If axis is negative it counts from the last to the first axis.

New in version 1.7.0.

If axis is a tuple of ints, averaging is performed on all of the axes specified in the tuple instead of a single axis or all the axes as before.

weightsarray_like, optional

An array of weights associated with the values in a. Each value in a contributes to the average according to its associated weight. The weights array can either be 1-D (in which case its length must be the size of a along the given axis) or of the same shape as a. If weights=None, then all data in a are assumed to have a weight equal to one. The 1-D calculation is:

avg = sum(a * weights) / sum(weights)

The only constraint on weights is that sum(weights) must not be 0.

returnedbool, optional

Default is False. If True, the tuple (average, sum_of_weights) is returned, otherwise only the average is returned. If weights=None, sum_of_weights is equivalent to the number of elements over which the average is taken.

keepdimsbool, optional

If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the result will broadcast correctly against the original a. Note: keepdims will not work with instances of numpy.matrix or other classes whose methods do not support keepdims.

New in version 1.23.0.

Returns

retval, [sum_of_weights]array_type or double

Return the average along the specified axis. When returned is True, return a tuple with the average as the first element and the sum of the weights as the second element. sum_of_weights is of the same type as retval. The result dtype follows a genereal pattern. If weights is None, the result dtype will be that of a , or float64 if a is integral. Otherwise, if weights is not None and a is non- integral, the result type will be the type of lowest precision capable of representing values of both a and weights. If a happens to be integral, the previous rules still applies but the result dtype will at least be float64.

Raises

ZeroDivisionError

When all weights along axis are zero. See numpy.ma.average for a version robust to this type of error.

TypeError

When the length of 1D weights is not the same as the shape of a along axis.

See also

mean

ma.average

average for masked arrays – useful if your data contains “missing” values

numpy.result_type

Returns the type that results from applying the numpy type promotion rules to the arguments.

Examples

>>> data = np.arange(1, 5)
>>> data
array([1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> np.average(data)
2.5
>>> np.average(np.arange(1, 11), weights=np.arange(10, 0, -1))
4.0

>>> data = np.arange(6).reshape((3, 2))
>>> data
array([[0, 1],
       [2, 3],
       [4, 5]])
>>> np.average(data, axis=1, weights=[1./4, 3./4])
array([0.75, 2.75, 4.75])
>>> np.average(data, weights=[1./4, 3./4])
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
TypeError: Axis must be specified when shapes of a and weights differ.

>>> a = np.ones(5, dtype=np.float128)
>>> w = np.ones(5, dtype=np.complex64)
>>> avg = np.average(a, weights=w)
>>> print(avg.dtype)
complex256

With keepdims=True, the following result has shape (3, 1).

>>> np.average(data, axis=1, keepdims=True)
array([[0.5],
       [2.5],
       [4.5]])