browser.webRequest.onBeforeSendHeaders.addListener(
  listener,             //  function
  filter,               //  object
  extraInfoSpec         //  optional array of strings
)
browser.webRequest.onBeforeSendHeaders.removeListener(listener)
browser.webRequest.onBeforeSendHeaders.hasListener(listener)

Events have three functions:

addListener(callback, filter, extraInfoSpec)

Adds a listener to this event.

removeListener(listener)

Stop listening to this event. The listener argument is the listener to remove.

hasListener(listener)

Check whether listener is registered for this event. Returns true if it is listening, false otherwise.

callback

Function that will be called when this event occurs. The function will be passed the following arguments:

details

object. Details of the request. This will include request headers if you have included "requestHeaders" in extraInfoSpec. See the details section for more information.

Returns: webRequest.BlockingResponse. If "blocking" is specified in the extraInfoSpec parameter, the event listener should return a BlockingResponse object, and can set its requestHeaders property.

filter

webRequest.RequestFilter. A set of filters that restricts the events that will be sent to this listener.

extraInfoSpec Optional

array of string. Extra options for the event. You can pass any of the following values:

• "blocking": make the request synchronous, so you can modify request headers
• "requestHeaders": include the request headers in the details object passed to the listener

cookieStoreId

string. If the request is from a tab open in a contextual identity, the cookie store ID of the contextual identity.

documentUrl

string. URL of the document in which the resource will be loaded. For example, if the web page at "https://example.com" contains an image or an iframe, then the documentUrl for the image or iframe will be "https://example.com". For a top-level document, documentUrl is undefined.

frameId

integer. Zero if the request happens in the main frame; a positive value is the ID of a subframe in which the request happens. If the document of a (sub-)frame is loaded (type is main_frame or sub_frame), frameId indicates the ID of this frame, not the ID of the outer frame. Frame IDs are unique within a tab.

incognito

boolean. Whether the request is from a private browsing window.

method

string. Standard HTTP method: for example, "GET" or "POST".

originUrl

string. URL of the resource which triggered the request. For example, if "https://example.com" contains a link, and the user clicks the link, then the originUrl for the resulting request is "https://example.com".

The originUrl is often but not always the same as the documentUrl. For example, if a page contains an iframe, and the iframe contains a link that loads a new document into the iframe, then the documentUrl for the resulting request will be the iframe's parent document, but the originUrl will be the URL of the document in the iframe that contained the link.

parentFrameId

integer. ID of the frame that contains the frame which sent the request. Set to -1 if no parent frame exists.

proxyInfo

object. This property is present only if the request is being proxied. It contains the following properties:

host

string. The hostname of the proxy server.

port

integer. The port number of the proxy server.

type

string. The type of proxy server. One of:

• "http": HTTP proxy (or SSL CONNECT for HTTPS)
• "https": HTTP proxying over TLS connection to proxy
• "socks": SOCKS v5 proxy
• "socks4": SOCKS v4 proxy
• "direct": no proxy
• "unknown": unknown proxy

username

string. Username for the proxy service.

proxyDNS

boolean. True if the proxy will perform domain name resolution based on the hostname supplied, meaning that the client should not do its own DNS lookup.

failoverTimeout

integer. Failover timeout in seconds. If the proxy connection fails, the proxy will not be used again for this period.

requestHeaders Optional

webRequest.HttpHeaders. The HTTP request headers that will be sent with this request.

requestId

string. The ID of the request. Request IDs are unique within a browser session, so you can use them to relate different events associated with the same request.

tabId

integer. ID of the tab in which the request takes place. Set to -1 if the request isn't related to a tab.

thirdParty

boolean. Indicates whether the request and its content window hierarchy are third party.

timeStamp

number. The time when this event fired, in milliseconds since the epoch.

type

webRequest.ResourceType. The type of resource being requested: for example, "image", "script", "stylesheet".

url

string. Target of the request.

urlClassification

object. The type of tracking associated with the request, if with the request has been classified by Firefox Tracking Protection. This is an object with the following properties:

firstParty

array of strings. Classification flags for the request's first party.

thirdParty

array of strings. Classification flags for the request or its window hierarchy's third parties.

The classification flags include:

• fingerprinting and fingerprinting_content: indicates the request is involved in fingerprinting. fingerprinting_content indicates the request is loaded from an origin that has been found to fingerprint but is not considered to participate in tracking, such as a payment provider.
• cryptomining and cryptomining_content: similar to the fingerprinting category but for cryptomining resources.
• tracking, tracking_ad, tracking_analytics, tracking_social, and tracking_content: indicates the request is involved in tracking. tracking is any generic tracking request, the ad, analytics, social, and content suffixes identify the type of tracker.
• any_basic_tracking: a meta flag that combines any tracking and fingerprinting flags, excluding tracking_content and fingerprinting_content.
• any_strict_tracking: a meta flag that combines any tracking and fingerprinting flags, including tracking_content and fingerprinting_content.
• any_social_tracking: a meta flag that combines any social tracking flags.

This code changes the "User-Agent" header so the browser identifies itself as Opera 12.16, but only when visiting pages under https://httpbin.org/.

"use strict";

/*
This is the page for which we want to rewrite the User-Agent header.
*/
const targetPage = "https://httpbin.org/*";

/*
Set UA string to Opera 12
*/
const ua = "Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; Ubuntu/14.10) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.16";

/*
Rewrite the User-Agent header to "ua".
*/
function rewriteUserAgentHeader(e) {
  for (const header of e.requestHeaders) {
    if (header.name.toLowerCase() === "user-agent") {
      header.value = ua;
    }
  }
  return { requestHeaders: e.requestHeaders };
}

/*
Add rewriteUserAgentHeader as a listener to onBeforeSendHeaders,
only for the target page.

Make it "blocking" so we can modify the headers.
*/
browser.webRequest.onBeforeSendHeaders.addListener(
  rewriteUserAgentHeader,
  { urls: [targetPage] },
  ["blocking", "requestHeaders"]
);

This code is exactly like the previous example, except that the listener is asynchronous, returning a Promise which is resolved with the new headers:

"use strict";

/*
This is the page for which we want to rewrite the User-Agent header.
*/
const targetPage = "https://httpbin.org/*";

/*
Set UA string to Opera 12
*/
const ua = "Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; Ubuntu/14.10) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.16";

/*
Rewrite the User-Agent header to "ua".
*/
function rewriteUserAgentHeaderAsync(e) {
  const asyncRewrite = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      for (const header of e.requestHeaders) {
        if (header.name.toLowerCase() === "user-agent") {
          header.value = ua;
        }
      }
      resolve({ requestHeaders: e.requestHeaders });
    }, 2000);
  });

  return asyncRewrite;
}

/*
Add rewriteUserAgentHeader as a listener to onBeforeSendHeaders,
only for the target page.

Make it "blocking" so we can modify the headers.
*/
browser.webRequest.onBeforeSendHeaders.addListener(
  rewriteUserAgentHeaderAsync,
  { urls: [targetPage] },
  ["blocking", "requestHeaders"]
);

• user-agent-rewriter