Null-terminated byte strings
A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a possibly empty sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {'\x63', '\x61', '\x74', '\0'} is an NTBS holding the string "cat" in ASCII encoding.
Functions
Character classification |
|
Defined in header <cctype> |
|
|---|---|
| checks if a character is alphanumeric (function) |
|
| checks if a character is alphabetic (function) |
|
| checks if a character is lowercase (function) |
|
| checks if a character is an uppercase character (function) |
|
| checks if a character is a digit (function) |
|
| checks if a character is a hexadecimal character (function) |
|
| checks if a character is a control character (function) |
|
| checks if a character is a graphical character (function) |
|
| checks if a character is a space character (function) |
|
|
(C++11)
|
checks if a character is a blank character (function) |
| checks if a character is a printing character (function) |
|
| checks if a character is a punctuation character (function) |
|
Character manipulation |
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| converts a character to lowercase (function) |
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| converts a character to uppercase (function) |
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| ASCII values | characters | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| decimal | hexadecimal | octal | |||||||||||||
| 0–8 | \x0–\x8 |
\0–\10 |
control codes (NUL, etc.) |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 9 | \x9 |
\11 |
tab (\t) |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 10–13 | \xA–\xD |
\12–\15 |
whitespaces (\n, \v, \f, \r) |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 14–31 | \xE–\x1F |
\16–\37 |
control codes | ≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 32 | \x20 |
\40 |
space | 0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 33–47 | \x21–\x2F |
\41–\57 |
!"#$%&'()*+,-./ |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 48–57 | \x30–\x39 |
\60–\71 |
0123456789 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
| 58–64 | \x3A–\x40 |
\72–\100 |
:;<=>?@ |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 65–70 | \x41–\x46 |
\101–\106 |
ABCDEF |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
| 71–90 | \x47–\x5A |
\107–\132 |
GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 91–96 | \x5B–\x60 |
\133–\140 |
[\]^_` |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 97–102 | \x61–\x66 |
\141–\146 |
abcdef |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
| 103–122 | \x67–\x7A |
\147–\172 |
ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
| 123–126 | \x7B–\x7E |
\172–\176 |
{|}~ |
0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
≠0 |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| 127 | \x7F |
\177 |
backspace character (DEL) |
≠0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Conversions to numeric formats |
|
Defined in header <cstdlib> |
|
|---|---|
| converts a byte string to a floating point value (function) |
|
|
(C++11)
|
converts a byte string to an integer value (function) |
|
(C++11)
|
converts a byte string to an integer value (function) |
|
(C++11)
|
converts a byte string to an unsigned integer value (function) |
| converts a byte string to a floating-point value (function) |
|
Defined in header <cinttypes> |
|
|
(C++11)(C++11)
|
converts a byte string to std::intmax_t or std::uintmax_t (function) |
String manipulation |
|
Defined in header <cstring> |
|
| copies one string to another (function) |
|
| copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another (function) |
|
| concatenates two strings (function) |
|
| concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings (function) |
|
transform a string so that strcmp would produce the same result as strcoll (function) |
|
String examination |
|
Defined in header <cstring> |
|
| returns the length of a given string (function) |
|
| compares two strings (function) |
|
| compares a certain number of characters from two strings (function) |
|
| compares two strings in accordance to the current locale (function) |
|
| finds the first occurrence of a character (function) |
|
| finds the last occurrence of a character (function) |
|
| returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists of only the characters found in another byte string (function) |
|
| returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists of only the characters not found in another byte string (function) |
|
| finds the first location of any character from a set of separators (function) |
|
| finds the first occurrence of a substring of characters (function) |
|
| finds the next token in a byte string (function) |
|
Character array functions |
|
Defined in header <cstring> |
|
| searches an array for the first occurrence of a character (function) |
|
| compares two buffers (function) |
|
| fills a buffer with a character (function) |
|
| copies one buffer to another (function) |
|
| moves one buffer to another (function) |
|
Miscellaneous |
|
Defined in header <cstring> |
|
| returns a text version of a given error code (function) |
|
See also
C documentation for Null-terminated byte strings |
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