The animation
shorthand CSS property applies an animation between styles. It is a shorthand for animation-name
, animation-duration
, animation-timing-function
, animation-delay
, animation-iteration-count
, animation-direction
, animation-fill-mode
, and animation-play-state
.
animation
Try it
/* @keyframes duration | easing-function | delay | iteration-count | direction | fill-mode | play-state | name */ animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein; /* @keyframes name | duration | easing-function | delay */ animation: slidein 3s linear 1s; /* @keyframes name | duration */ animation: slidein 3s;
A description of which properties are animatable is available; it's worth noting that this description is also valid for CSS transitions.
Constituent properties
This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:
Syntax
The animation
property is specified as one or more single animations, separated by commas.
Each individual animation is specified as:
- zero or one occurrences of the following values:
- an optional name for the animation, which may be
none
, a<custom-ident>
, or a<string>
- zero, one, or two
<time>
values
The order of values within each animation definition is important: the first value that can be parsed as a <time>
is assigned to the animation-duration
, and the second one is assigned to animation-delay
.
The order within each animation definition is also important for distinguishing animation-name
values from other keywords. When parsed, keywords that are valid for properties other than animation-name
, and whose values were not found earlier in the shorthand, must be accepted for those properties rather than for animation-name
. Furthermore, when serialized, default values of other properties must be output in at least the cases necessary to distinguish an animation-name
that could be a value of another property, and may be output in additional cases.
Values
-
<single-animation-iteration-count>
-
The number of times the animation is played. The value must be one of those available in
animation-iteration-count
. -
<single-animation-direction>
-
The direction in which the animation is played. The value must be one of those available in
animation-direction
. -
<single-animation-fill-mode>
-
Determines how styles should be applied to the animation's target before and after its execution. The value must be one of those available in
animation-fill-mode
. -
<single-animation-play-state>
-
Determines whether the animation is playing or not. The value must be one of those available in
animation-play-state
.
Accessibility concerns
Blinking and flashing animation can be problematic for people with cognitive concerns such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Additionally, certain kinds of motion can be a trigger for Vestibular disorders, epilepsy, and migraine and Scotopic sensitivity.
Consider providing a mechanism for pausing or disabling animation, as well as using the Reduced Motion Media Query to create a complimentary experience for users who have expressed a preference for no animated experiences.
Formal definition
Initial value | as each of the properties of the shorthand:
|
---|---|
Applies to | all elements, ::before and ::after pseudo-elements |
Inherited | no |
Computed value | as each of the properties of the shorthand:
|
Animation type | discrete |
Formal syntax
<single-animation>#where
<single-animation> = <time> || <easing-function> || <time> || <single-animation-iteration-count> || <single-animation-direction> || <single-animation-fill-mode> || <single-animation-play-state> || [ none | <keyframes-name> ]where
<easing-function> = linear | <cubic-bezier-timing-function> | <step-timing-function>
<single-animation-iteration-count> = infinite | <number>
<single-animation-direction> = normal | reverse | alternate | alternate-reverse
<single-animation-fill-mode> = none | forwards | backwards | both
<single-animation-play-state> = running | paused
<keyframes-name> = <custom-ident> | <string>where
<cubic-bezier-timing-function> = ease | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier(<number [0,1]>, <number>, <number [0,1]>, <number>)
<step-timing-function> = step-start | step-end | steps(<integer>[, <step-position>]?)where
<step-position> = jump-start | jump-end | jump-none | jump-both | start | end
Examples
Cylon Eye
<div class="view_port"> <div class="polling_message"> Listening for dispatches </div> <div class="cylon_eye"></div> </div>
.polling_message { color: white; float: left; margin-right: 2%; } .view_port { background-color: black; height: 25px; width: 100%; overflow: hidden; } .cylon_eye { background-color: red; background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .9) 25%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .1) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, .9) 75%); color: white; height: 100%; width: 20%; -webkit-animation: 4s linear 0s infinite alternate move_eye; animation: 4s linear 0s infinite alternate move_eye; } @-webkit-keyframes move_eye { from { margin-left: -20%; } to { margin-left: 100%; } } @keyframes move_eye { from { margin-left: -20%; } to { margin-left: 100%; } }
See Using CSS animations for additional examples.
Specifications
Specification |
---|
CSS Animations Level 2 # animation |
Browser compatibility
Desktop | Mobile | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chrome | Edge | Firefox | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari | WebView Android | Chrome Android | Firefox for Android | Opera Android | Safari on IOS | Samsung Internet | |
animation |
43
3
|
12
12
|
49
16
5
|
10
|
30
15
12.1-15
12-15
|
9
4
|
43
2
The
animation-fill-mode property is not supported in Android browsers below 2.3.
|
43
18
|
49
16
5
|
30
14
12.1-14
12-14
|
9
3.2
|
4.0
1.0
|
See also
- Using CSS animations
- JavaScript
AnimationEvent
API
© 2005–2021 MDN contributors.
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation