The OES_texture_half_float extension is part of the WebGL API and adds texture formats with 16- (aka half float) and 32-bit floating-point components.
WebGL extensions are available using the WebGLRenderingContext.getExtension() method. For more information, see also Using Extensions in the WebGL tutorial.
ext.HALF_FLOAT_OES
Half floating-point type (16-bit).
This extension extends WebGLRenderingContext.texImage2D() and WebGLRenderingContext.texSubImage2D():
type parameter now accepts ext.HALF_FLOAT_OES.Linear filtering on half floating-point textures is not allowed with this extension. If you set the magnification or minification filter in the WebGLRenderingContext.texParameter() method to one of gl.LINEAR, gl.LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST, gl.NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR, or gl.LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR, and use half floating-point textures, the texture will be marked as incomplete.
To use linear filtering on half floating-point textures, enable the OES_texture_half_float_linear extension in addition to this extension.
This extension implicitly enables the EXT_color_buffer_half_float extension (if supported), which allows rendering to 16-bit floating point formats.
js
const ext = gl.getExtension("OES_texture_half_float");
const texture = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, ext.HALF_FLOAT_OES, image);
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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/OES_texture_half_float